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• Statistics

• help(topic)
• ?.Machine
• help.search("topic")
• apropos("topic")
• help.start()
• str(a)
• summary(a)
• ls()
• ls.str()
• dir()
• methods(a)
• methods(class=class(a))

• source("my.R")
• data(f)
• library(s)
• read.table(f)
• sep="" is any whitespace by default
• header=TRUE to read the first line as a header of column names
• as.is=TRUE to prevent character vectors from being converted to factors
• comment.char="" to prevent "#" from being interpreted as a comment
• skip=n to skip n lines before reading data
• see the help for options on row naming, NA treatment, and others
• read.csv(f,header=TRUE)
• read.delim(f,header=TRUE)
• read.fwf(f,widths,header=FALSE,sep="",as.is=FALSE)
• widths is an integer vector, giving the widths of the fixed-width fields
• save(f,...)
• save.image(f)
• load(f)
• cat(..., file=f, sep="")
• print(a, ...)
• format(x, ...)
• write.table(x, file=f, row.names=TRUE, col.names=TRUE, sep="")
• if quote is TRUE, character or factor columns are surrounded by quotes (")
• sep is the field separator, eol is the end-of-line separator
• na is the string for missing values
• col.names=NA to add a blank column header to get the column headers aligned correctly for spreadsheet input
• sink(f)
• Most of the I/O functions have a file argument and means the standard input or output. Connections can include files, pipes, zipped files, clipboard and R variables
• df <- read.delim("clipboard")
• write.table(df,"clipboard",sep="\t",col.names=NA)
• For database interaction, see packages RODBC, DBI, RMySQL, RPgSQL, ROracle, for other file formats see XML, hdf5, netCDF

• с(...)
• seq(from, to, by = )
• seq(from, to, len = )
• rep(x, times)
• list(...)
• data.frame(...)
• array(data, dims)
• matrix(data, nrow = , ncol = , byrow = )
• factor(x, levels = )
• gl(n, k, length = n*k, labels = 1:n)
• rbind(...)
• cbind(...)